PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho D., Moraes L.B., Chitolina G.Z., Herpich J.I., Osório F.S., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.LS. & Salle C.T.P. 2016. Evaluation of thymic lymphocyte loss of broiler using Digital Analysis of the Lymphoid Depletion System (ADDL). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(7):652-656. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS 90540-000, Brazil. E-mail: tadsalle@gmail.com The thymus is a lymphoid organ and usually evaluated for the degree of lymphocyte loss with subjective histological techniques. This study aimed to adapt and to apply of the digital analysis of the lymphoid depletion system (ADDL) in the thymus in order to obtain a more accurate analysis. Glucocorticoid was used to induce immunosuppression in 55 broilers at 21 days of age; other 15 broilers were the control group. After euthanasia of the broilers, postmortem examination was made. Both thymic chains were collected and six lobes were selected for histological examination of the degree of lymphocyte depletion (scores 1 to 5) and for submission to all stages of processing by the ADDL system. The artificial constructed neural networks (ANN) obtained 94.03% of correct classifications. In conclusion, it was possible to adopt objective criteria to evaluate thymic lymphoid depletion with the ADDL system.

• Poultry cellular immunity lymphoid depletion imunidade celular depleção linfóide

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Carvalho D., Moraes L.B., Chitolina G.Z., Herpich J.I., Osório F.S., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.LS. & Salle C.T.P. 2016. Evaluation of thymic lymphocyte loss of broiler using Digital Analysis of the Lymphoid Depletion System (ADDL). [Avaliação de perda de linfócitos do timo em frangos usando análise digital do sistema de depleção linfóide (ADDL).] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(7):652-656. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS 90540-000, Brazil. E-mail: tadsalle@gmail.com O timo é um órgão linfóide, que é normalmente avaliado para o grau de perda de linfócitos a partir de técnicas histológicas subjetivas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a adaptação e aplicação do sistema de análise digital de depleção linfóide (ADDL) para o timo, a fim de tornar sua análise mais acurada. Glicocorticóides foram utilizados a fim de induzir imunossupressão em 55 aves de 21 dias de idade. Outras 15 aves formaram o grupo controle. Posteriormente, para cada um dos aves, realizou-se a eutanásia e necropsia. Ambas as cadeias do timo foram coletadas e foram selecionadas seis lóbulos para processamento histológico, análise quanto ao grau de depleção linfocitária (escores de 1-5) e submissão a todas as fases do processamento pelo sistema ADDL. Observou-se que a rede neural artificial (RNA) construída obteve 94,03% de classificações corretas. Em conclusão, foi possível adotar critérios objetivos para avaliar a depleção linfóide tímica utilizando o sistema ADDL.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Salle C.T.P., Moraes L.B., Zimermann F.C., Fallavena L.C.B., Osório F.S., Salle F.O., Carvalho D. & Moraes H.L.S. 2014. Evaluation of bursal lymphoid depletion: comparison between the conventional histology method and digital lymphocyte depletion evaluation system. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(Supl.1):7-10. Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Estrada Municipal do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail:lucasbmoraes@gmail.com Fifty-five bursa of Fabricius (BF) were evaluated by optical microscopy for three different avian histopathologists (H1, H3 and H4) to determine the degree of lymphoid depletion. One histologist evaluated the same slides at two different times (H1 and H2) with four-months interval between the observations. The same BFs were evaluated using the system of Digital Lymphocyte Depletion Evaluation (ADDL), being performed by three differents operators of the system, not histopathologists. The results showed was a significant difference between the histopathologists and between the scores established by the same expert (H1 and H2). However, there were not significant differences between the scores with the ADDL system, obtained using ADDL. The results make clear the fragility of the subjective lymphocyte depletion score classification by the traditional histologic method, while the ADDL system proves to be more appropriated for the assessment of the lymphoid loss in the BF.

• Bursal lymphoid depletion lymphocyte depletion bursa depleção linfóide bursal depleção linfocitária

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Salle C.T.P., Moraes L.B., Zimermann F.C., Fallavena L.C.B., Osório F.S., Salle F.O., Carvalho D. & Moraes H.L.S. 2014. Evaluation of bursal lymphoid depletion: comparison between the conventional histology method and digital lymphocyte depletion evaluation system. [Avaliação da depleção linfóide bursal: comparação entre a histologia convencional e o sistema de avaliação digital da depleção linfocitária.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(Supl.1):7-10. Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Estrada Municipal do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail:lucasbmoraes@gmail.com Cinquenta e cinco bursas de Fabricius (BF) foram avaliadas através da microscopia óptica por três diferentes histopatologistas aviários (H1, H3 e H4) para determinar o grau de depleção linfóide. Um histopatologista avaliou as amostras em dois momentos distintos (H1 e H2) com quatro meses de intervalo entre as observações. As mesmas BF foram avaliadas utilizando-se o sistema de Avaliação Digital da Depleção Linfocitária (ADDL), sendo realizadas por três diferentes operadores do sistema, não histopatologistas. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre os histopatologistas e entre um mesmo histopatologista (H1 e H2). Contudo, não houve diferenças significativas entre os escores obtidos utilizando-se ADDL. Estes resultados caracterizam a fragilidade da classificação subjetiva em escores de depleção linfóide, enquanto o sistema ADDL prova ser um sistema robusto de avaliação da perda linfocitária na BF.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Moraes L.B., Osório F.S., Salle F.O., Souza G.F., Moraes H.L.S., Fallavena L.C.B., Nascimento V.P., Santos L.R. & Salle C.T.P. 2010. Evaluation of follicular lymphoid depletion in the Bursa of Fabricius: An alternative methodology using digital image analysis and artificial neural networks. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):340-344. Departamento de Medicina Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: lucasbmoraes@gmail.com Fifty Bursa of Fabricius (BF) were examined by conventional optical microscopy and digital images were acquired and processed using Matlab® 6.5 software. The Artificial Neuronal Network (ANN) was generated using Neuroshell® Classifier software and the optical and digital data were compared. The ANN was able to make a comparable classification of digital and optical scores. The use of ANN was able to classify correctly the majority of the follicles, reaching sensibility and specificity of 89% and 96%, respectively. When the follicles were scored and grouped in a binary fashion the sensibility increased to 90% and obtained the maximum value for the specificity of 92%. These results demonstrate that the use of digital image analysis and ANN is a useful tool for the pathological classification of the BF lymphoid depletion. In addition it provides objective results that allow measuring the dimension of the error in the diagnosis and classification therefore making comparison between databases feasible.

• Digital image analysis bursa of Fabricius artificial neuronal network follicular lymphoid depletion Gumboro bursa de Fabricius rede neural artificial depleção linfóide folicular

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Moraes L.B., Osório F.S., Salle F.O., Souza G.F., Moraes H.L.S., Fallavena L.C.B., Nascimento V.P., Santos L.R. & Salle C.T.P. 2010. Evaluation of follicular lymphoid depletion in the Bursa of Fabricius: An alternative methodology using digital image analysis and artificial neural networks. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):340-344. Departamento de Medicina Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: lucasbmoraes@gmail.com Cinquenta Bursa de Fabrícius (BF) foram examinadas através de microscopia óptica convencional e imagens digitais foram obtidas e processadas através do software Matlab® 6.5. Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN) foram geradas com a utilização do software Neuroshell® Classifier, e os dados das análises óptica e digital foram comparados. A ANN classificou corretamente a maioria dos folículos, atingindo sensibilidade e especificidade de 89% e 96%, respectivamente. Quando os folículos foram agrupados de forma binária houve um aumento da sensibilidade para 90% e obteve-se um valor máximo para a especificidade de 92%. Estes resultados demonstram que o uso da análise digital de imagem associada à ANN é uma ferramenta bastante útil para a classificação patológica da depleção linfóide da BF. Além disso, fornece resultados objetivos que permitem medir a dimensão do erro classificatório, tornando possível a comparação entre distintos bancos de dados.

Abstract in English:

Canal C.W., Ferreira D.J., Macagnan M., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.L.S. & Wald V.B. 2004. Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):89-92. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br Chicks infected during the first two weeks of life with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) manifest clinical disease that can be avoided if the breeder hens transfer enough antibodies to their progeny. The objective of the present work was to establish the prevalence and titer of anti-CAV antibodies in some Brazilian broiler hen breeder flocks and verify in which phase of life the birds were infected. A total of 1,709 serum samples from 12 broiler hen flocks vaccinated against CAV and 64 unvaccinated flocks were analyzed for CAV antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All non-vaccinated breeder flocks were found to be infected with CAV, with 89% of the hens tested presenting antibodies, 52% of these with titers considered high enough to protect their progeny against CAV infection. Likewise, all vaccinated hens had antibody titer to CAV capable of conferring protection to their progeny. Thus, vaccination of hens seems capable of conferring protection to chicks against clinically apparent CAV-associated disease.

• Antibodies avian pathology chicken anemia virus CAV epidemiology prevalence.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Canal C.W., Ferreira D.J., Macagnan M., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.L.S. & Wald V.B. 2004. Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):89-92. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br Chicks infected during the first two weeks of life with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) manifest clinical disease that can be avoided if the breeder hens transfer enough antibodies to their progeny. The objective of the present work was to establish the prevalence and titer of anti-CAV antibodies in some Brazilian broiler hen breeder flocks and verify in which phase of life the birds were infected. A total of 1,709 serum samples from 12 broiler hen flocks vaccinated against CAV and 64 unvaccinated flocks were analyzed for CAV antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All non-vaccinated breeder flocks were found to be infected with CAV, with 89% of the hens tested presenting antibodies, 52% of these with titers considered high enough to protect their progeny against CAV infection. Likewise, all vaccinated hens had antibody titer to CAV capable of conferring protection to their progeny. Thus, vaccination of hens seems capable of conferring protection to chicks against clinically apparent CAV-associated disease.

Abstract in English:

Cases of chronic copper poisoning (CCP) were observed in a flock of 120 Ile de France ewes grazed on white clover ( Trifolium repens) pasture in an apple orchard. The orchard was sprayed with copper sulphate 4 weeks after the ewes were introduced. A month later some ewes showed depression, jaundice and hemoglobinuria. Twenty one ewes died representing 17.5 % of the flock. The clinical signs, necropsy and microscopic findings were typical of CCP. The sernm levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in 11 ewes varied from 159 to 510 iu/1, anda sample from the pasture revealed 60 mg/kg of copper. High copper levels of 1313 and 300 mg/kg, respectively, were found in the liver and kidney collected from one of the two sheep on which post-mortem examination was performed. It is suggested that the poisoning was caused by the high level of copper in the pasture, together with the higher susceptibility of mutton sheep to copper poisoning.

• Sheep copper poisoning

Abstract in Portuguese:

Casos de intoxicação crônica por cobre foram observados em um grnpo de 120 ovelhas da raça Ile de France que foram colocadas a pastorear em pomar de macieira, o qual foi aspergido com sulfato de cobre quatro semanas após a colocação dos animais. A pastagem predominante no pomar era de Trifolium repens (trevo branco). Um mês após a aspersão, apareceram ovinos com tristeza, andar cambaleante, icterícia e hemoglobinúria, dos quais 21 morreram, correspondendo a 17,5% do total do rebanho. Os sinais clínicos e as alterações macroscópicas e histológicas foram caracterJSticas da intoxicação crônica por cobre. A dosagem de Aspartato Amino Transferase (AST) no soro de 11 ovinos mostrou valores que variaram de 159 a 510 UI/1. A dosagem de cobre na amostra da pastagem revelou presença de 60 mg/kg e de 1313 e 300 mg/kg no fígado e rim respectivamente de um dos dois ovinos necropsiados. Concluise que a intoxicação ocorreu devido ao alto nível de cobre verificado na pastagem e sugere-se que a maior sensibilidade de ovinos tipo carne em absorver cobre tenha contribuído para a ocorrência do problema.

• Ovinos intoxicação por cobre